14.2 The multiplier model: Calculating the multiplier.13.2 Output growth and changes in unemployment: Okun’s law.13.1 Growth and fluctuations: Ratio scales and logarithms.11.1 How people changing prices to gain rents can lead to a market equilibrium: Equilibration through rent-seeking in an experimental market.10.9 The central bank, the money market, and interest rates: Present value (PV).9.8 Labour market equilibrium and the distribution of income: The Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient in an economy with unemployed, employed, and employers (owners).9.5 The price-setting curve: Wages and profits in the whole economy: The price-setting curve.8.5 Competitive equilibrium: Gains from trade, allocation, and distribution: Total surplus and WTP.7.8 The elasticity of demand: The elasticity of demand and the marginal revenue.7.2 Economies of scale and the cost advantages of large-scale production: The size and cost of a pipe.5.13 A policy to redistribute the surplus and raise efficiency: The Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient in a class-divided economy with a large population.5.12 Measuring economic inequality: Inequality as differences among people.

4.10 Dividing a pie (or leaving it on the table): When will an offer in the ultimatum game be accepted?.2.8 Malthusian economics: Population grows when living standards rise: Modelling Malthus.1.2 Measuring income and living standards: Comparing income at different times, and across different countries.

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